消除数字光刻像素栅格衍射影响的研究

提出用优化成像系统设计参量的方法有效消除基于数字微镜阵列的栅格结构及其衍射对微结构成像质量的影响.模拟结果表明,当照明光源的波长为0.365 μm,系统的数值孔径为0.3左右,缩小倍率为10～20×时,栅格像的可见度在0.1以下,DMD的栅格结构对成像质量的影响大幅降低;对微透镜的成像分析发现,合理的成像系统结构参量能有效地减少栅格的影响.如果结合DMD显示图形的可编程特点,优化图形的结构或灰度,则能在像面获得较理想的曝光量分布,达到快速加工二维和三维微结构的目的.实验结果证实了优化系统参量可有效消除DMD栅格的影响.     

水下变焦镜头的设计

通过对光在水中传播特性的分析，讨论水下摄影中需要特殊考虑的关键因素，如光能衰减、镜头视场损失和内腔防水等，分析普通相机加隔水窗后在水中拍摄时像质变差的规律。为了适应深水探测，获得清晰成像质量，基于光焦度分配公式，提出了水下变焦镜头设计思想。用实例说明水下镜头的设计方法，设计的镜头相对孔径为F/1.6。设计结果表明：该镜头克服了普通镜头水下使用像质变差和最大视场渐晕等缺点。     

Quantum repeaters based on CNOT gate under decoherence

In this paper, we study single-qubit and single-user quantum repeaters based on CNOT gates under decoherence using the Kraus-operator representations of decoherence. We investigate the influence of decoherence on the information-disturbance trade-off of quantum repeaters. It is found that decoherence may lead to the appearance of three subspaces, called as the normal subspace, the anomalous subspace, and the decoherence-free subspace (DFS), respectively. It is indicated that in the normal subspace decoherence decreases the transmission and estimation fidelities, in the anomalous subspace decoherence enhances these fidelities, and in the DFS these fidelities do not change. The concept of the quality factor is introduced to evaluate the quality of the quantum repeater. It is indicated that the quality factor can be efficiently controlled and manipulated by changing the initial state of the probe qubit. It is found that under certain conditions the quantum repeater can be optimal even in the presence of decoherence.      

“True” Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance of Polyoxyethylene Fatty Acid Esters Nonionic Surfactants

This article proposes a set of equations that allow the calculation of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of polyoxyethylene esters from quality control data of the raw materials (fatty acids and polyethylene glycol) and the finished product (surfactant). The quality control data required include the acid value of the fatty acid, the hydroxyl value of the polyethylene glycol, and the hydroxyl value of the surfactant. Moreover, these calculations allow the determination of the mean relative molecular masses of the fatty acids, polyethylene glycol, monoesters, and diesters, and to calculate the proportion of polyoxyethylene monoester and polyoxyethylene diester. Models such as this would be of great utility for the rational design of emulsified products.      

Absolute quantification of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in human tumor cell lines and tissues by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry using both isotopic and non-isotopic internal standards

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, DT-diaphorase) is a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for various tumors. Therefore, it is of significance to develop a robust method for the absolute quantification of NQO1. This study aimed to develop and validate a LC–MS/MS based method and to test the appropriateness of using non-isotopic analog peptide as the internal standard (IS) by comparing with a stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide. The chromatographic performance and mass spectra between the selected signature peptide of NQO1 and the non-isotopic peptide were observed to be very similar. The use of the two internal standards was validated appropriate for the absolute quantification of NQO1, as evidenced by satisfactory validation results over a concentration range of 1.62–162 fmol μL⁻¹. This method has been successfully applied to the absolute quantification of NQO1 expression in various tumor cell lines and tissues. NQO1 expression in human tumor tissues is much higher than that in the neighboring normal tissues in both the cases of lung and colon cancer. The quantitative results obtained from the isotopic and non-isotopic methods are quite similar, further supporting that the use of non-isotopic analog peptide as internal standard is appropriate and feasible for the quantification of NQO1. By comparing with a classical isotopic IS, the present study indicates that the use of a non-isotopic peptide analog to the proteotypic peptide as the internal standard can get equal accuracy and preciseness in measuring NQO1. The universal applicability of the non-isotopic IS approach for the quantification of proteins warrants further research.     

岩石质量定量描述研究现状及趋向

结构面的存在破坏了岩石的完整性。定量描述结构面引起的岩石质量恶化程度是工程岩体勘测和设计的前提。本文评述了国内外岩石质量的定量描述方法，并指出今后的发展趋向。     

济南市岩土地基工程地质环境质量分级与评价优势指标

随着城市化进程加快,济南市在城市建设中面临日益严重的环境工程地质问题。为了更好地服务于城市建设,做好岩土地基的工程地质环境质量评价与分区有重要实际意义。本文分析了济南市区的工程地质环境条件,研究了济南市区岩土地基工程地质环境质量评价模型与优势指标,并采用BP神经网络模型对济南市区的岩土地基工程地质环境质量进行评价与分级。     

石家庄地区某场地不同取样方法获取土样的对比分析

采取原状土样是工程勘察中的重要环节,不同的取样方法对土样质量的影响不同。一般认为竖井中采取的大块土样,是"真正"的原状样,钻孔中使用取土器采取的原状样存在不同程度的扰动。在钻孔中采用不同的取样方法,土样受到的扰动程度也不一样。笔者通过对钻孔两种方法获取的土样与竖井土样试验数据的对比发现,钻孔取样对土样有明显的扰动和压密作用,造成了土的干密度增大、孔隙比减小、渗透系数降低、压缩模量增大。同时发现,钻孔快速冲入取样质量略好于上部击入取样质量。为保证工程安全,对常规钻孔取样试验成果的使用应当慎重,对重要工程宜采用探坑、竖井取样,或采用双筒薄壁取土技术。     

The Relative Dispersion and Mixing of Passive Solutes in Transport in Geologic Media

The spreading of a contaminant in a heterogeneous aquifer depends on the scales of variability effectively explored by the plume. In particular, we observe two major contributions of the fluctuating velocity field in the contaminant movement: (i) the spreading caused by velocity variations of scales lesser than that of the plume size, which we will call relative spreading, and (ii) the meander-like movement of the plume as a whole caused by velocity variations of scale larger than that of the plume size. The aim of this work is to consider the effects of the finite size of the contaminant plume on the local concentration moments <C> and _C . In particular a relative concentration, which depends on the scales of variability effectively explored by the plume, is defined. First, the mathematical formulation of the problem is developed along the Lagrangian framework. In particular, the expressions for the relative mean concentration and its variance are presented. Then, the methodology is applied to the regional transport problem, where the influence of the size of the plume and the pore-scale dispersion are quantitatively assessed.     

课堂教学设计初探——“微分中值定理”课例教学设计与实践

本文阐述了教学必须围绕课堂教学进行综合改革 ,并以“微分中值定理”为典型课例进行了综合的教学设计 ,用教学设计理论和实践佐证了课堂教学设计在培养学生创新能力上、在提高教学质量上的重要性 .